Subject foundations
Bioelectricity, physiological measurement, tissue properties, resistance and reactance, instrumentation and methodology.
Learning resources
Lessons, reading lists and a resource library
Original web lessons, reading lists and downloadable material for students and researchers. Every item states its type and status. Files are added only when they have been authorised for publication.
Web lessons
Start here
These pages are written as original explanations, with references to standard sources.
BIA and EIS guide
What each technique measures, how they differ, phase angle, factors that affect results and the limits of interpretation.
Measurement glossary
Searchable, original definitions with suggested sources for each term.
Lecture notes
Lecture notes and handouts
Lecture notes are listed here when the owner has approved them for publication. Until then, entries show "Resource coming soon" and no download link.
Academic reading
Recommended third-party book
Sudden Cardiac Death & its Homoeopathic Management
Author: Padman Mahasenan Vettiattyl (Dr. M. Senan)
This is a book by a third-party author. It is not a publication by Dr. Mahendra H. Gaushal, and it is listed here as academic reading only.
Listing a book does not confirm its claims. Clinical statements in any book should be checked against primary research and clinical guidance. Sudden cardiac death is a medical emergency; anyone with symptoms should seek immediate medical care.
Access details for this title are not yet published on this site.
PDFs and documents
Resource library
Search and filter the library below. Entries marked "Resource coming soon" are listed for transparency and are not yet available.
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Reading lists
Suggested reading
These are standard sources cited in the web lessons. Check editions and page numbers against a publisher or library copy before citing.
- Grimnes S, Martinsen ØG. Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics. Academic Press; 2015.
- Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, part I: review of principles and methods. Clinical Nutrition. 2004;23(5):1226–1243.
- Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1(8476):307–310.
- JCGM 200:2012. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM). BIPM.
- Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, et al. SPIRIT 2013 statement. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;158(3):200–207.